| General Points |
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| As per Census 2011, India's population stood at 1,21,05,69,573. |
| The census moment, the referral time at which the snapshot of the population is taken was 00.00 hours of 1 March 2001. Until the 1991 Census, the sunrise of 1 March was taken to be the census moment. |
| India’s population as on 1 March 2001 stood at 1,028 million (532.1 million males and 496.4 million females). |
| India's population grew by 18,14,55,986 (17.64%) at the rate of 1.64% per annum in the decade 2001-11. |
| India accounts for a meagre 2.4 per cent of the world surface area of 135.79 million sq km. Yet, it supports and sustains a whopping 17.5 per cent of the world population. |
| India in relation to other countries |
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| The growth in India's population during the decade 2001-11 is slightly lower than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populated country in the world. |
| China's decadal growth is 0.53% against India's 1.64%. At the present rates India is likely to overtake China as the most populous country of world by 2030. |
| Three most populous countries of the world viz. China (1.34 billion), India (1.21 billion) and USA (308.7 million) account for 40% population of the world. |
| The population of India is almost equal to the combined population of U.S.A., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan. |
| Population Growth - 1901-2011 |
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| The population of India in 1901 was 23,83,96,327. It increased more than four times by 2011. |
| The population of India in grew by just one and half times in the first half of twentieth century, while it recorded a three fold growth in the latter half of the century. |
| The population of India saw a negative growth during 1911-1921 when its population decreased from 25,20,93,390 to 25,13,21,213. |
| The population of India in 1951, just four years after independence was 36,10,88,090. |
| Density of Population |
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| The population density of India is 382 persons per square kilometre while it was 325 persons in 2001. |
| India had a population density of just 77 persons per sq. km in 1901. |
| Gender Composition |
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| Out of the total population, the number of males in India is 62,37,34,248 and number of females is 58,64,69,174. |
| The above figures give a sex ratio of 943 females per 1000 males which is an improvement of 10 points over the 2001 sex ratio of 933. |
| India had the highest sex ratio in 1901 when it was 972 and worst in 1991 when it was 927. |
| India has poorer sex ratio when compared to its neighbours - Pakistan (943), Sri Lanka (1034), Nepal (1014), Myanmar (1048) and Bangladesh (978) while it is better than China (926), Afghanistan (931) and Bhutan (897). |
| Literacy |
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| For the purposes of Census, a person aged 7 and above who can both read and write with understanding in any language is treated as literate. A person who can only read but cannot write is not literate. In the census prior to 1991, children below five years of age were necessarily treated as illiterates. |
| The overall literacy rate as per 2011 census is 74.04%. The literacy rate in 2001 was 65%. |
| The literacy rate is 82.14% for males and 65.46% for females. |
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